In India’s expanding transmission network, the ministry of power plays a vital role in the development of transmission projects. Power Transmission Line Right of Way (RoW) is more than a strip of land—it’s a safety, reliability, and regulatory foundation for the grid.Following the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) Notification dated 9 October 2025, utilities must now…
Modern distance protection relies on precise setting calculations and comprehensive testing methodologies to ensure reliable fault clearance in EHV transmission networks, especially when a fault occurs. Understanding distance relay setting calculation fundamentals combined with systematic testing procedures forms the backbone of effective power system protection schemes, particularly for transformer applications. Zone-Based Distance Protection Strategy Distance…
Transformer core grounding is a fundamental part of safe, reliable EHV substation operation. If this critical detail is missed or poorly executed, a single trip can escalate into system-wide failures, high repair bills, and long outages affecting the entire power system. Field experience proves that only practical, proven grounding practices guard the transformer—and the entire…
Introduction The protection of capacitor bank Maintaining high voltage stability in EHV power transmission substations is a critical aspect of grid reliability and asset safety. In high-voltage networks, capacitor banks are indispensable for reactive power compensation, kvar support, and voltage stability, but they are also vulnerable to unbalance, harmonics, resonance, and internal faults. Conventional fuses…
Introduction SCADA Communication forms the backbone of Extra High Voltage (EHV) substations. Far beyond displaying breaker status, it provides the real-time nervous system that allows operators to monitor, control, and optimize assets like transformers, capacitor banks, and busbars. Using a layered Substation Automation System (SAS), SCADA ensures reliable data flow between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs),…
A late-night call to a substation engineer often begins with the same fear — a major transformer has tripped offline. Behind that trip could be an internal failure costing millions of dollars in equipment and weeks of downtime. According to IEEE studies, a single large transformer failure can cost utilities between $2–10 million, factoring in…
Explore HVDC design considerations: thermal & EMF zones. Calculate cable spacing, heat dissipation in soil, and assess the effect of electric & magnetic field exposure for safety. Q1. What are Thermal and EMF Zones in HVDC Design? In high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, engineers must carefully consider two critical aspects: thermal zones and electromagnetic…
Core Frame Tank (CFT) Insulation Resistance Test in EHV Transformers: Procedure for evaluating transformer core to tank insulation. Includes DC test measurement and earth resistance. Q1. What is the role of Core Frame Tank (CFT) insulation in a power transformer, particularly in terms of its dielectric properties? In large power transformers, the core (magnetic steel…
Transformer reliability is at the heart of every transmission system substation. The IEEE C57.104 key gas method is a cornerstone in dissolved gas analysis (DGA), helping engineers detect early signs of faults and plan preventive actions. Q&A: Understanding IEEE C57.104 Key Gas Method What is the IEEE C57.104 key gas method? It is a diagnostic…
A practical guide for transformer safety in EHV substations with stepwise monitoring of load, oil, insulation, bushings, and vibrations. Why does transformer safety matter in EHV substations and what best practices should be followed? Transformers are the backbone of Extra High Voltage (EHV) power transmission substations. Their reliability directly impacts grid stability and system availability,…
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